Fuel burner



D. C. BREAULT April 3, 1951 FUEL BURNER Filed Jan. 25, 1947 PatentedApr. 3, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FUEL BURNER Delphis C. Breault,Lowell, Mass.

Application January 25, 1947, Serial No. 724,326

Claims. 1

This invention relates in general to fuel burner constructions and hasparticular reference to a construction for accurately adjustingatmospheric airin a fuel burner.

Objects of the invention include the provision of a novel fuel burnernozzle or carburetor the principal object of which resides in adjustablemeans to conduct a stream of gas, such as steam, air, oxygen, etc., intoopposite and direct head-on collision with a stream of liquid fuel, suchas a petroleum product, thus extremely finely dividin the fuel intominute drops forming a fog, so that the burnable material is in the formof a gas and may in fact be conducted for relatively long distancesthrough piping before combustion takes place; and the provision of adevice as above stated including a rarefaction chamber in which finerbreak down of the fuel.

Other objects of the invention include the provision of a fuel burnermounted in spaced relation to the walls of an opening in a furnace, saidspace providing means for the induction of atmospheric air into thefurnace in the region of the flame, in combination With means for easilyand simply varying the space to provide for a greater or less flow ofatmospheric air, said means being in the form of an annulus which isadjustable to substantially close the space or gradually open the sameand including a support for movement of the annulus to and from theabove mentioned space; the provision of a device as above describedincluding a fuel burning carburetor having means for mixing fuel and gasfor the atomization of the former and means for adjusting the amount offlow of the fuel simultaneously with the adjustment of the atmosphericair; and the provision of cam means for accurately and simultaneouslyvarying the flow of gas, fuel, and atmospheric air proportionately.

Furtherobjects of the invention include the provision of a device of theclass described in which the entire apparatu is mounted to swing on aplate secured to the furnace for opening and closing the same, theswinging parts being mounted on a pair of hinges on the plate, saidhinges containing valve elements adjusting the fuel or gas.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which i Fig. 1 isan enlargedsection through the carburetor, and showing the relationthereof to adjacent parts, some parts being omitted for clarity;

Fig. 2 is a view of the rearend of the carburetor;

Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive are sections taken on the corresponding lines ofFig. 1.

A furnace wall is shown at l 0, this wall having a circular openingtherethrough at l2, the open ing having angular side wall edges asindicated at M. Rods 23 support the carburetor housing 30 from anyconvenient member on the furnace wall.

The burner carburetor 30 is provided with a nozzle at 32 for directingatomized fuel to the interior of the furnace. A. shield 35 in the formof a hollow truncated cone surrounds burner 30, being secured thereto asby a clamp band 35 and extending laterally from the shield are rods orplates 35. The burner carburetor 39 is provided with ports 42, 43receiving pipes for the provision of the entrance of fuel and gasrespectively, to the carburetor. The fuel and gas adjustment iscontrolled by a rotary valve rod 44. Slight rotation of rod 44 variesthe fuel flow and gas from a shut-off condition to a maximum, as willbecome apparent hereinafter.

Shield 34 and the surface of the furnace opening are generally paralleland provide therebetween an atmospheric induction of air completelysurrounding the carburetor and leading into the furnace. An annularshield 46 in the form of a hollow truncated cone is slidably mountedrelative to the carburetor to approach or to be retracted from thesimilar surface occasioned by the shape of the furnace opening, and itwill be seen that when shield i6 contacts the surface of the opening,the atmospheric air area to the furnace will be substantially reduced bymaintaining the reduced air velocity at the nozzle, and I that movementof the shield to the left in Fig. 1 will open the atmospheric airpassage for greater volume of induced air to the flame.

Shield 45 is mounted on a pair of rods 48 in turn mounted on a framecomprising a pair of members as, an inclined slotted connecting member52, and a pair of rods 54 mounted to slide on one of the plates 36.Valve rod 44 is provided with a radial handle 58 which extends thro-ughthe slot in member 52 .and, therefore, handle 55 and rod 44 will beslightly rotated as the frame 50, 52 is moved to the right or left inFig. 3. 'Thus it is seen that shield 46 and the valve rod 44 areoperated simultaneously and proportionately, and the parts are arrangedto reduce the induced atmospheric air upon the reduction of the fuelflow.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the carburetor 3!! ishollow centrally thereof and is fitted at the rear end thereof with asleeve 14 fixed therein and having a reduced portion 16 forming abearing for the rotary valve rod 44. The sleeve continues forwardly fromthe reduced portion at a predetermined angle providing "a wall as at 13andforming a chamber 8!] for liquid fuel entering through port 42. Thewall 18 is apertured in a double circular row as at 82, see Fig. 7, theapertures forming inclined passages for the fuel from the chamber 80.

From wall 18, the sleeve extends along the interior of the carburetor asat .84 and enters a depression forming an inclined 'wall 86,, alsoapertured in a double circular row as at 88, see Fig. 11, and thenceextends forwardly terminating in a flange 9D and forming an internalshoulder 92. Bolted or otherwise secured to this flange, there is aflange of a hollow member 94 having a cone-shaped front end aperture'din 'a double row as at 99, see Fig. 6.

It is to be understood that the entire sleeve and attached member .94are fixed in the earburetor, and that valve rod 44 rotates with re-.spect thereto as has already been described. Valve rod 44 is secured toa hollow 'member 98 having apertured, inclined end walls fitting Walls48 and $6, "the respective apertures coinciding for full opening orbeing selectively diminished in total or combined area by turning thevalve rod. The gas enters port 43 and passages formed by apertures 88and those corresponding thereto in the member 93, and in thechamber-formed by 'the'latter, the fuel and gas meet in head-oncollision to atomize the fuel. The chamber in member '98 will bereferred to as the rare'faction chamber.

Member -98 continues forwardly within the sleeve above described, andforms a reduced passage 199 to the walls of which is pinned a hollowmember .132 having a cone-shaped front end aperjtured to correspond withapertures 98 as at 1:94. larged expansion chamber 495., a spring HIEbearing "on shoulder 92 land on the rear end of member 192 tends tomaintain the .inclined surfaces in contact at the front of thecarburetor.

Once the fuel and gas have been atomized in Member H32 forms arelatively .en-

the rarefactlon chamber, the resultant fog must pass through theincoming streams of gas to reach the passage 153i), and this actionstill further reduces the size of the fuel particles. The fuel fog mayexpand in chamber I96 and then passes in .a series of high pressurestreams through the apertures 64 and 96 to the area of ignition.Clearly, a slight rotary motion of valve rod 4'4 adjusts theamount ofincoming fuel, gas, and fuel fog simultaneously, and the apertures arearranged for proportional adjustment thereof, this adjustment being alsoproportional to the induced atmospheric air induction as explainedabove. Also the apertures are arranged to progress in their adjustmentfrom .a full clo'sedposition through a range of initial opening of afraction of the apertures, to full opening of said fraction, thenthrough an initial opening of :more apertures, and so on until allapertures are completely open, thereby insuring positive and exactadjustments at all times.

Having thus described my invention and the advantages thereof, .1 .donot Wish .to be limited .to the details herein disclosed otherwis thanas set forth .in the claims, but what I claimis:

1. In a device of the class described, a housing, .a valve rod rotatablein the housing, a shell forming an enclosed chamber associated with androtatable with the valve rod said shell being in the housing, aplurality of orifices in the walls of said shell, exit passages in .thehousing ,for

rod and shell to vary the degree of alinement of the orifices andpassages.

'2. The device of claim 1 'whereinithepassages and orifices are arrangedto be varied in proportion to each other.

3. In a device of the class described, a housing, means in the housingforming a walled rarefaction chamber therein, means in the housingforming a walled expansion chamber, a first passage ;joining the :twochambers for communication therebetween, inlet passages leading throughthe walls of the rarefaction chamber, certain of said inlet passagesbeing located closely adjacent the first passage and the remainder oftheinlet passages 'being'ilocated'in the wall of the rarefac- "tionchamber opposite the first passage,said inlet passages being oppositelyinclined towardeach .4. The .device "of claim 3 wherein the walls of therarefaction chamber form a shell movable relative to the housing andincluding further chambers for :the fluids, fixed perforated Walls inrelative sliding conta'ctual'relation with the walls of the shellcontaining the inlet passages, said :fixed perforated Walls formingparts of the irerspective further chambers, means to move the shell, theperforationsand inlet passages registering at a predetermined positionof the shell, and the movement thereof varying such registration :tovary the fluid flow into the rare-faction chamber.

5.. The device .of claim 3 wherein the walls of the rarefaction chamberform a shell movable relative to the housing and including furtherchambers for the fluids, fixed perforated 'walls in relative slidingcontactual relation with the walls of the shell containing the inletpassages, said fixed perforated 'walls forming parts of the respectivefurther chambers, means to move' the shell, the perforations and inletpassages registering at a predetermined position of the shell, and

'the movement thereof varying such registration to vary the fluid flowinto the 'rarefaction chamber, a fixed perforated plate the perforationsof which are 'in registry with 'the exit orifices of the expansionchamber, and means connecting the walls of the latter to the shell forsimultaneous movement thereof for variation of theexit orifices, thelatter variation being proportional 'tothe degree of registration of theinlet passages.

'DELPHIS C. 'BREAULT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Glendenning .J an. 29;, .1946

